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eagonBeta -- print the eagonBeta maps in the Eagon resolution

Synopsis

Description

The eagonBeta maps are the components of the Eagon resolution, starting from the 2nd differential that may or may not be minimal, and are therefore most interesting. With the default option

Display => "picture"

the pictures (which blocks are 0,nonzero, nonminimal) are shown; or the displayBlocks output with Display => "DisplayBlocks" or a plain matrix if Display => <any other string>.

In the notes of Gulliksen-Levin it is proven that R is Golod if and only if the maps eagonBeta can be taken with values in the Koszul complex; thus in particular, if R is Golod, then there are no "new" eagonBetas after eagonBeta(E,numgens R+1). Since R is Golod iff all the eagonBeta matrices have all entries in the maximal ideal, this proves in particular that R is Golod if and only if the Betti numbers of the resolution of coker vars R agree up to the step numgens R with the Betti numbers of the Eagon resolution.

i1 : S = ZZ/101[a,b,c,d]

o1 = S

o1 : PolynomialRing
i2 : I = ideal(a,b,c)*ideal(a,b,c,d)

             2                       2                       2
o2 = ideal (a , a*b, a*c, a*d, a*b, b , b*c, b*d, a*c, b*c, c , c*d)

o2 : Ideal of S
i3 : I = ideal"a3,b3,c3"

             3   3   3
o3 = ideal (a , b , c )

o3 : Ideal of S
i4 : R = S/I

o4 = R

o4 : QuotientRing
i5 : E = eagon(R,4);
i6 : eagonBeta(E,4)

     +--------+--------+-----------+
o6 = |        |(2, {1})|(0, {1, 1})|
     +--------+--------+-----------+
     | (3, {})|    *   |     .     |
     +--------+--------+-----------+
     |(0, {2})|    .   |    3,3    |
     +--------+--------+-----------+
i7 : eagonBeta(E,4,Display => "DisplayBlocks")

     +--------+--------------------------------------------------------+----------------------------+
o7 = |        |                        (2, {1})                        |         (0, {1, 1})        |
     +--------+--------------------------------------------------------+----------------------------+
     | (3, {})|{3} | 0 0 c2 0 -b2 0 a2 0 0 0 0   0   0  0 0   0  0  0 ||              .             |
     |        |{3} | 0 0 0  0 0   0 0  0 0 0 -b2 0   a2 0 0   0  0  0 ||                            |
     |        |{3} | 0 0 0  0 0   0 0  0 0 0 0   -c2 0  0 0   a2 0  0 ||                            |
     |        |{3} | 0 0 0  0 0   0 0  0 0 0 0   0   0  0 -c2 0  b2 0 ||                            |
     +--------+--------------------------------------------------------+----------------------------+
     |(0, {2})|                            .                           |{6} | 0 1 0 -1 0 0 0  0  0 ||
     |        |                                                        |{6} | 0 0 1 0  0 0 -1 0  0 ||
     |        |                                                        |{6} | 0 0 0 0  0 1 0  -1 0 ||
     +--------+--------------------------------------------------------+----------------------------+
i8 : eagonBeta(E,4,Display => "")

o8 = {3} | 0 0 c2 0 -b2 0 a2 0 0 0 0   0   0  0 0   0  0  0 0 0 0 0  0 0 0 
     {3} | 0 0 0  0 0   0 0  0 0 0 -b2 0   a2 0 0   0  0  0 0 0 0 0  0 0 0 
     {3} | 0 0 0  0 0   0 0  0 0 0 0   -c2 0  0 0   a2 0  0 0 0 0 0  0 0 0 
     {3} | 0 0 0  0 0   0 0  0 0 0 0   0   0  0 -c2 0  b2 0 0 0 0 0  0 0 0 
     {6} | 0 0 0  0 0   0 0  0 0 0 0   0   0  0 0   0  0  0 0 1 0 -1 0 0 0 
     {6} | 0 0 0  0 0   0 0  0 0 0 0   0   0  0 0   0  0  0 0 0 1 0  0 0 -1
     {6} | 0 0 0  0 0   0 0  0 0 0 0   0   0  0 0   0  0  0 0 0 0 0  0 1 0 
     ------------------------------------------------------------------------
     0  0 |
     0  0 |
     0  0 |
     0  0 |
     0  0 |
     0  0 |
     -1 0 |

             7      27
o8 : Matrix R  <-- R
i9 : eagonBeta E

     +-------------------------------+
     |+-------+--------+             |
o9 = ||       |(0, {1})|             |
     |+-------+--------+             |
     ||(1, {})|    *   |             |
     |+-------+--------+             |
     +-------------------------------+
     |+-------+--------+             |
     ||       |(1, {1})|             |
     |+-------+--------+             |
     ||(2, {})|    *   |             |
     |+-------+--------+             |
     +-------------------------------+
     |+--------+--------+-----------+|
     ||        |(2, {1})|(0, {1, 1})||
     |+--------+--------+-----------+|
     || (3, {})|    *   |     .     ||
     |+--------+--------+-----------+|
     ||(0, {2})|    .   |    3,3    ||
     |+--------+--------+-----------+|
     +-------------------------------+

See also

Ways to use eagonBeta:

For the programmer

The object eagonBeta is a method function with options.